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DAWN's first global analysis provided a strong critique of the dominant economic model. DAWN's theme of Alternative Economic Frameworks, which provided the focus for the network's continuing work on the economic growth model until 1995, was renamed Political Economy of Globalization in 1996. Under this theme, DAWN monitors and analyses the systematic processes of economic globalization and trade liberalization and their impacts on poor women of the South, working closely with other global development networks for greater accountability and radical restructuring of institutions like the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations system and (from 1999) the World Trade Organization. Through the years, DAWN had gained much insights on how the Bretton Woods Institutions worked from its participation in short-lived accountability processes and mechanisms set up as a consequence of women's criticisms of the World Bank at the Beijing Conference (Structural Adjustment Participatory Review Initiative - SAPRI - and the External Gender Consultative Group - EGCG); realized the huge challenges in engendering with a south feminist perspective mainstream institutions and large development networks, including the United Nations Systems; and increasingly strengthened its commitment to develop feminist and heterodox economic literacy programs on globalization as well as undertake collaborative global and regional advocacy with civil society organizations in the South and global feminist networks (e.g. WWG on Financing for Development; Trade-Finances Linkages Network).
PEG Analysis Team: Nicole Bidegain, Marina Durano, Gita Sen and Gigi Francisco
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Financial Regulation, Human Rights and Sustainability
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What an integrated and inclusive approach of human rights and sustainable development actually means for financial regulation is largely a social construction that has yet to be further developed with the participation of civil society and movements. It will have to begin with giving the financial sector a role that is subservient to the real economy, a real economy that in turn should support ecological sustainability and human rights.
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Engendering Social Security and Protection: The Case of Asia by Gita Sen
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Summary:
*Informal labour - with insecurity of contracts or tenure, low pay, and no coverage of unemployment, health or other needs - tends to the norm in Asia. Informal sector employment is on the rise, with women constituting the bulk of informal workers.
*The current public debates on social security and protection in Asia focus on rights-based approaches and in India, for instance, pit neoliberals against rights activists in a vibrant and often acrimonious exchange. The context for these debates is the inadequacy of basic human development in South Asia.
*Despite many similarities, there are important differences between sub-regions, between South Asia versus Southeast, East and Central Asia, that determine the focus of social security and protection concerns.
*The path to development based on cheap labour may appear, at least on first sight, to offer an inclusive pathway for women since gaining an income of their own holds the possibility of empowerment. The continuance of this pathway, however, puts tremendous pressure on women in terms of managing their own survival and that of their families. The medium- to long-term solution must therefore be to get men and women alike off this pathway and to transform the >precariat< by embedding social protection and security in the rights of people
This paper is part of a publication series on gender and social security and protection and was first presented at the annual conference of the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) in Hangzhou, China in June 2011. Published by Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) www.fes.de/gpo/en
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On the Importance of Gender in All MDGs by Marina Durano
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Article available at DAWN Informs June 2010 issue
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The Global Economic Crisis: The View from Asia-Pacific by Marina Durano
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In understanding the impact of the global economic crisis on women in the Asia-Pacific region, this paper begins by looking at the changes in financial flows into the region due to the collapse of global demand brought by the crisis. Transmission channels are highlighted in this section. The decline in global demand and the collapse of financial markets in the developed countries immediately made itself felt in the Asia-Pacific countries through a decline in the external sources of financing for development. Each country experienced the impact to varying degrees depending on the importance of a particular financial flow to their economies.
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Reclaiming Institutional and Policy Space Amidst Crisis by Marina Durano, Gigi Francisco and Gita Sen
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The first decade of the 21st century is ending with the world in the throes of the most severe economic crisis unleashed by an era of unregulated financial capital. The preceding years of economic triumphalism among the neoliberals included a decade of ramplant neoconservative hegemonism and almost three decades of development policies dominated by the There is No Alternative (TINA) syndrome. Although the privatization, deregulation and liberalization espoused by the Washington Consensus led to rapid growth in some countries, their overall impact on may has been sharp increases in poverty, inequality and despoliation of the natural environment. But the severity of the current crisis also gives the world a historic opportunity to move away from failed ideas, institutions and policies towards a more sustainable and rights-based global development architecture. The critical question is not only what should be the content of policies to overcome the current crisis, but also which institutions should play what roles?
Unequal Power and Subverted Mandates
The consolidation of the Bretton Woods Insitutions (BWIs) around the Washington Consensus was helped, in part, by the dominance of their rich country shareholders (who were also the world's principal lenders) in their decision-making structures. The original BWI mandates were thus subverted, and all global institutions governing the key economic issues of finance, development, trade and aid have been affected by this.
*The international Monetary Fund (IMF), originally set up to ensure adequate finance for all countries, even handedness between borrowers and lenders, and stability in the global monetary order, became, instead, from the 1970s on, the standard bearer for finance capital, imposing fiscal discipline on the weak while allowing moral hazard to run rampant in favour of the financiers. The sources of instability in this system were left unchecked for decades...
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